The mutational spectra of the APC gene revealed no difference in frequencies of mutations in cases based on ever and never smoking status.
His studies of the processes and frequencies of mutations enabled Muller to form a picture of the arrangements and recombinations of genes and later led to his experimental induction of genetic mutations through the use of X rays in 1926.
In conclusion, amplicon deep sequencing enabled the assessment of mutations in a highly robust manner and across a broad range of relative frequencies of mutations.
The median frequencies of mutations by ddPCR were 0.262% (n = 55; range, 0 37.951%) and 99.687% (n = 32; range, 52.191 100%) for the wild-type and mutant sequences, respectively, by direct sequencing.
Other researchers had previously found low frequencies of mutations in mitochondrial DNA as people age, but given that cells have hundreds of mitochondria, each with multiple genome copies, skeptics argued that the changes were not extensive enough to really hamper a cell's activity.
The relative frequencies of mutations at specific sites.
The allele frequencies of mutations found by pyrosequencing but not dideoxy sequencing ranged between 11% and 21% (Fig. 2A).
Largely normal frequencies of mutations in both groups of patients suggest that the complex is not essential for SHM.
One important source of noise is experiment-specific and dependent on the relative frequencies of mutations in the population.
As shown in Figure 7, Italy, Iran, South and East Asia and West and Central Europe had relatively lower frequencies of mutations at CpG hotspot codons, compensated by higher frequencies of mutations at all other sites (see also box-plots in Figure 2).
Unfortunately it is not straightforward to translate an expected protective efficacy at day 35 post 3 and 9 month dose predicted by the model at different frequencies of mutations to an equivalent 12 month protective efficacy.
