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In the freely interacting dyadic test, decreased interaction was observed for knockout animals (Peça et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2012), whereas, in a sociability test, knockout animals failed to show a preference for a social stimulus when given the choice between social and non-social stimuli (Wang et al., 2011).
In our paradigm of freely interacting animals, the number of 'trials' (facial interactions) and 'calls' depends on the animals leading to very variable sampling episodes and consequently varying levels of significance.
However, these behaviors are only observed when at least two fish are freely interacting.
Our methodology is a novel approach to studying social-learning processes within freely interacting groups of animals, and could be adapted for use with different actions and on other species.
The authors report results of two experiments that show that transparent conflicts of interest lead to a breakdown of information sharing, learning, and knowledge transfer in freely interacting groups, but not in simple markets and auctions.
They show that simple auction mechanisms, which impose a rigid set of rules designed to standardize interactions and communication among participants, can prevent some of the detrimental effects associated with conflict of interest in freely interacting groups.
Similar(47)
The potential – or, sadly more accurately, theoretical – political power of social media is to provide an important public forum in which those of diverse opinions can freely interact, rather than living in political enclaves inhabited only by those who reinforce what everyone already believes.
The singer MOR KARBASI has a cosmopolitan background -- born in Israel to a family descended from Moroccan and Persian Jews, she is now based in London -- and was drawn to music from another cosmopolitan time and place, 15th-century Andalusia, where European and Arabic cultures freely interacted until the Jews were expelled from Spain.
Chloride ions can freely interact with the whole surface and large surface stress changes are measured.
Hence, cancer is an open system, as it freely interacts with the local host tissue.
VDTNs are complex systems where a variety of mobile and fixed nodes can freely interact with each other.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com