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This peptide aldehyde adduct is freely cell permeable and inhibits the neutral cysteine protease activity of the proteasome.
Nonfluorescent DCFDA is a freely cell permeable dye, which can be readily converted to fluorescent 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein owing to the interaction with intracellular H2O2.
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Briefly, the freely cell-permeable DCF-DA was applied to the culture medium at the onset of SNP exposure and is readily converted into 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein which is then able to interact with intracellular free radicals (primarily H2O2) to form the fluorescent dye DCF.
It can freely permeate cell membranes and react with O2− to form a red fluorescent product (Gomes et al. [2005]).
(2) In contrast, ions and other solutes (except urea in most clinical conditions) may not freely cross cell membranes, they are termed effective osmolytes.
Now scientists have figured out a way to issue a kind of molecular visa to drugs, allowing them to pass freely through cell membranes.
Acridine orange is a lysosomotropic fluorescent compound that moves freely across cell membranes when uncharged [ 22].
Recently, aquaporins 3 and 8 have been identified as channels for H2O2, a molecule once believed to diffuse freely through cell membranes [ 47, 53, 77- 80].
Even though urea diffuses freely across cell membranes, it lags behind the rapidity of urea removal from the serum during HD [ 2].
The assumption of water freely crossing cell membranes by pure diffusion was changed by detection of water-selective channels which are now known as aquaporins (AQPs).
Developing neurons freely activate cell death pathways to fine-tune the number of neurons that are needed during the precise formation of neural networks.
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