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OsDR10 appears to inhibit the expression of OsWRKY13, ICS1, PAD4, and PAL1 when free of pathogen infection and only inhibits the expression of PAL1 after pathogen infection.
Notably, lab-rearing conditions do not display seasonal variations of temperatures and cultures are maintained as free of pathogen as possible.
Consistent with the classification in the microarray data (Additional file 5), using qRT-PCR analyses we confirmed that other WRKY genes also showed differential expression after activation of OsWRKY13 when free of pathogen infection.
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Composting, as a biological waste transformation technique, can be defined as decomposition and stabilization of organic matters, commonly in the presence of oxygen, for production of stable and free-of-pathogen final product that can be beneficially applied to land (Haug 1993) for soil amendment (Ch'ng et al. 2013; Mhindu et al. 2013; Pandey et al. 2016).
Having reached a high temperature, the compost is pretty much guaranteed to be free of pathogens.
The National Meat Association contends that there is no way, short of irradiation, to guarantee that meats are free of pathogens.
This country still needs a comprehensive program to keep food products free of pathogens — from farms through the processing and distribution systems to consumers.
If coliforms are not found in the water, it can be assumed that the water is also free of pathogens.
Still, Dr. Carr-Jordan said that of the nearly 50 play areas she had tested, only one had come back essentially free of pathogens, and that was at a Chick-fil-A restaurant not far from her home.
Fully expanded leaves were selected, free of pathogens, from 4 individuals of D. brasiliensis/altitude level (1900 and 2100 m).
Also, vermicompost is rich in plant nutrients and free of pathogens, making it suitable for application in agriculture.
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