Immediately after the April 9 vote, cries of fraud arose when ballots and tally sheets disappeared for several hours.
In 1997 Mr Sell and his wife were charged with Medicaid and insurance fraud arising from his dentistry practice.
Mr. Mullens's criminal history includes a 1976 conviction for mail fraud arising from an earlier Ponzi scheme and a 1983 conviction for customs fraud.
Public apprehension over election fraud arose following partial elections in June to fill 88 seats in the 264-seat Shura (consultative) Council, the upper house of the parliament.
He and 10 others are accused of engaging in racketeering, conspiracy and fraud, arising from the operation of Internet gambling businesses based in Costa Rica, including BetonSports.com.com
One reason there are no clear rules about the responsibilities of co-authors is that their reputations have sometimes been unfairly tarnished when accusations of fraud arise.
The pardons that have attracted the most criticism have been the pardons of Marc Rich and Pincus Green, who were indicted in 1983 on charges of racketeering and mail and wire fraud, arising out of their oil business.
It's during those transit and retabulation processes that opportunities for fraud arise: ballots can get lost or "lost", zeroes can get slipped onto the end of vote totals and so forth.
Party officials say their effort is necessary to guard against fraud arising from aggressive moves by the Democrats to register tens of thousands of new voters in Ohio, seen as one of the most pivotal battlegrounds in the Nov. 2 elections.
"Regardless of whether FERC can have been expected to have uncovered the full extent of the fraud arising out of these transactions," the report stated, "the applications submitted by Enron provided sufficient information to have raised serious questions as to the legitimacy of the sales".
Scott I. London, a former senior partner with the accounting firm KPMG whose clients included Herbalife and Skechers USA, pleaded guilty on Monday before a federal judge in Los Angeles to a charge of securities fraud arising from his involvement in insider trading.
