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The concept is often used in divergent ways, for different purposes (Bankoff et al. 2004), and sometimes out of its original theoretical framework; vulnerability is viewed as a social construct associated with fragility in the face of natural hazard (Gaillard 2010).
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The Sendai Framework defines vulnerability and resilience.
Focusing on the primary stresses of climate thermal variability (at both upper and lower extremes), this study proposes a quantitative indicator system following the IPCC framework of vulnerability assessment that assesses the impact of historical climate change, during 1901 2013, on the natural terrestrial vegetation types in China.
Human migration can be conceptualized as one of the possible responses in a comprehensive framework of vulnerability to climate change (Romero Lankao and Qin 2011).
These varied theoretical frameworks reflect vulnerability in specific places at specific time (Adger 2006).
Although the frameworks for vulnerability and resilience assessment as presented in these studies are comprehensive, the indices constructed via these approaches lacked empirical validation of variable selection and weighting.
Participants suggested that a comprehensive review of government documents needs to be undertaken which focuses on frameworks for vulnerability assessment.
Even though a few frameworks for vulnerability assessments have been developed and implemented [ 23, 28, 29], none of them has attempted to quantify the level of interdependencies between ecological systems and population health and to directly link the research findings with social and public health policies.
The MOVE framework considers disaster vulnerability as a function of exposure, susceptibility (socially, economically, physically, culturally, environmentally, institutionally) and a lack of resilience.
A standard framework promotes consistent vulnerability assessment and provides a method for the derivation of new fragility and vulnerability functions - a much needed step in volcanic risk assessment.
But though there was endorsement in the G20 communiqué for the bank's proposed "Vulnerability Framework", there was no hard cash.
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