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In the simulations, the total power of each OFDM frame is normalized to one, but power distribution among pilot symbols is not constrained to be uniform.
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Finally, the emission sinograms (i.e. each frame) were normalized, corrected for scatter, attenuation and radioactivity decay and reconstructed using Fourier rebinning (FORE) and 2-D ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) (16 subsets and 4 iterations).
The structural similarity index corresponing to selected consecutive frames is normalized between 0 and 1 for the three techniques discussed here.
Briefly speaking, the magnitude spectra of the speech frames are enlarged in MSE whereas those of the non-speech frames are normalized to be very small.
Series of camera frames were normalized using the following formula: Δ R/ Ro = (R − Ro)/ Ro, where Δ R/ Ro is the fractional change in reflectance from reference, R is the light reflected during any given frame and Ro the light reflected during the reference frame immediately preceding whisker stimulation onset.
where C− and C+ are parameters (fixed to be 1 in this paper) controlling the slopes of the mapping function which was defined in the range of [0, 1]; therefore, the frame SNRLOSS is normalized to the range of 0≤SNRLOSS j,m)≤1.
In order to utilize S D p for shot change detection with any frame size, S D p is normalized using the frame size.
This maximum is obtained for the optimal frame size Fopt, which is normalized by the tag population size N. Furthermore, for each case, the relative improvement RTps in Tps with respect to a conventional system with C = 1,J = 1 is listed.
As discussed earlier, the bitrate estimate is normalized by the calculated frame complexity to provide an input to G.1070 that will yield measurements better correlated to subjective scores.
Flood risk is normalized.
where is normalized so that.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com