Brief missing sections have been filled in with stills, much in the manner of the restoration of the 1954 "A Star Is Born"; this "freeze frame" effect, in fact, calls attention to Griffith's rhythmic sense of pace and action, his instinctive flair for composition.
Levin, Schneider, and Gaeth (1998) identified three distinct types of framing effects in the literature: attribute framing effects, goal framing effects, risky choice framing effects.
Drawing on the theory of motivated reasoning, three interrelated experiments assess the strength and temporal persistence of framing effects in the context of an energy conservation program.
This paper contributes to the understanding of framing effects in tax and benefit system design by providing an empirical test with actual political decision-makers exposed to system-relevant considerations.
One interpretation is that valuation of some strategies in the qualitative analysis may be as a result of framing effects in the presentation of the choice tasks.
For example, in the current study, we had to use a median split, making it difficult to examine the relationship between numeracy scores and framing effects in depth.
Preference reversal in response to minor framing effects in the presentation of preference elicitation experiments suggests that the elicitation procedure may play an important role in forming responses [ 12- 15].
In comparison to the other experiments, the framing effect in the third experiment was diminished.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of the framing effect in a variety of contexts.
Such an indecisive outcome may be due to human intuition having the ability to discriminate subtly different (in dependence relations, or due to subjects' responses being subject to various kinds of framing effect in the experimental protocol (see, e.g., Kahneman and Tversky 1979; Horowitz 1998), or due simply to human intuitions being confused.
