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In the study population, cross-sectional frailty analyses were stratified by race and sex.
The final combined population for frailty analyses included 4,459 participants not genotyped in the pilot group plus the 315 pilot participants.
Therefore, we expect that frailty analyses of the entire population would be comparable.
Because R was not able to deal with a large number of records for the amount of computer memory available, for the spline and frailty analyses we studied a 20% random sample of the study population and used fixed time-weighted exposures between October 1996 and October 2001.
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Even though we tried to adjust for comorbidities and frailty in our analyses, it is not unlikely that these factors still account for the inverse relationship (residual confounding).
In older adults (N=640) ≥75 years sampled from FRALLE study, 19 depressive symptomatology was also associated with greater odds of frailty in multivariate analyses (OR =3.13; 95% CI =1.37 7.13), but factors associated with pre-frailty were not reported.
Associations between scores in the three health domains and the frailty stages were analysed using Kendall's tau for nominal and ordinal variables, and analyses of variance (ANOVA) for all other variables (P < 0.05).These associations were also studied separately for men and women, as older women are more likely to be frail.
In all of our analyses, frailties are assumed to have gamma distributions.
In another study, Li and Ryan 25 used a semiparametric frailty model to analyse spatial survival models.
22 Studies on child mortality by Sastry 15 employed nested frailty models to analyse child survival data clustered at community and family levels.
13 We tested the validity and sensitivity of the frailty index by analysing several indices on the basis of differing combinations of variables.
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