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Controlling for individual characteristics, women were more likely to be frail compared to men (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI: 1.23 1.56).
An adjusted multinomial logistic regression model was developed to determine adjusted odds ratios of frailty (pre-frail or frail compared to non-frail) and individual characteristics (listed above).
The MRC men, whose scores also increased with age, were less frail compared to the women (median scores -0.811 vs. 0.132).
Individuals who triggered the Institutional Risk CAP were much more likely to be frail compared to those who did not (OR = 9.19, 95 % CI: 7.47 11.31).
Bivariate multinomial logistic regression models were completed to calculate odds ratios and 95%% confidence intervals to report the odds of frailty (pre-frail or frail compared to non-frail), by individual characteristics.
The BWHHS study respondents were those who were able to attend the interview and medical examination at baseline suggests that they were relatively less frail compared to non-responders.
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The unadjusted risk of functional disability was greatest among frail, and to a lesser extent pre-frail compared to non-frail individuals.
All of the results across all domains showed the same trend, indicating more preferable scores for non-frail compared to frail older people, with intermediate scores for the pre-frail people.
Participant characteristics among those misclassified as intermediately frail or frail were compared to those correctly classified as non-frail using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, t-tests for pseudonormally distributed continuous variables, or Hodges-Lehmann's test for equal medians for non-normally distributed continuous variables.
Throughout the three health domains, a clear and consistent trend was found, indicating more preferable scores for the non-frail population compared to the frail older population.
The loss of complexity in aging was first demonstrated by lower values of Approximate Entropy (ApEn) [3] in the dynamics of heartbeat intervals in frail elderly compared to young participants [4].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com