Loss of function of PTC1 displayed uncontrolled tapetal cell proliferation and swelling, delayed DNA fragmentation, and pollen wall development, causing complete male sterility (Li et al. 2011).
Hypertension can also increase arterial stiffness chronically, by inducing elastin fragmentation and arterial wall remodeling [ 31].
The difference seen in the THz signal can be explained by two facts: first, after lysis the bacteria lose their intracellular fluid, hence the THz absorption is decreased due to a lower water content of the layer; second, the structural change induced by the fragmentation of the cell wall influences the THz interaction with the constituents of the bacterial cell wall.
The SEM analysis demonstrated minimal morphological changes associated with cells that were exposed to the QMix™ solution, with little shrinkage and fragmentation of the cell wall.
The bacteria have most probably "died" by lysis, which implies a fragmentation of the cell wall and the escape of the intracellular fluid.
The presence of a high volume fraction (i.e. 6%) of steel fibres in UHP-CY overlays contributes substantially to the control of the back face spalling and fragmentation of the RC walls.
The reliability and efficiency of using the homogenized masonry material model in predicting the masonry wall damage and fragmentation are proven.
Based on the analysis of the raise boring method, the rock mechanics problems during the raise boring process are put forward, including rock fragmentation, removal of cuttings, shaft wall stability, and borehole deviation control.
In addition, the HS reactor samples display clear evidence of cell wall fracture and fragmentation at this scale.
Later, as a consequence of an apoptotic-like process and the degradation of cell wall biopolymers, hyphal fragmentation and autolysis occur (Emri et al. 2004, 2008).
