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Briefly stated, 18 μl of mRNA or cRNA (around 500 ng) were fragmented using fragmentation solution [0.1 M ZnCl2, 0.1 M Tris HCl (pH 7.0 ], followed by vortex mixing and a brief centrifugation, and then heated at 70°C for 30 s.
The cRNA mixtures were fragmented in 1× fragmentation solution (40 mM Tris-Acetate, pH8.1, 100 mM KOAc, 30 mM MgOAc) at 95C for 20 minutes, then placed on ice.
Briefly, ribosomal RNA-depleted sample was fragmented using an RNA fragmentation solution prior to cDNA synthesis.
Two hundred nanograms of polyA+ RNA were fragmented in 1× RNA fragmentation solution (Ambion, Austin, TX) at 70°C for 5 minutes.
mRNA was purified using poly-T oligo-attached magnetic beads and then fragmented with the RNA fragmentation solution supplied with the GS Titanium Library Preparation kit (454 Life Sciences, Branford, CT) following the manufacturer's recommendations.
mRNA samples were chemically fragmented to 200 250 bp using 1× fragmentation solution for 5 min at 70 °C (Ambion).
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For transcriptome sequencing, 1 μg of Ribo-minus total RNA from each sample was used for fragmentation using ZnCl2 solution, followed by ds-cDNA synthesis using a standard cDNA synthesis kit (Roche).
mRNA purified from total RNA using oligo dT Dynabeads (Invitrogen) was fragmented to an average size of 200 nucleotides by a 5 minute heat treatment (70°C) with a buffered zinc solution (Fragmentation Reagent, Ambion).
Purified mRNA was sheared to 200- to 600-nt fragments using a buffered zinc solution (RNA Fragmentation Reagent; Ambion).
The protein fragmentation in aqueous solutions is affected by the local conformation of an amino acid in the protein, its accessibility to the water radiolysis products, and the primary amino acid sequence (Filali-Mouhim et al. 1997).
Ultrasound, at higher intensity (e.g. 400∼1000 W) or longer exposure, has been widely applied to DNA fragmentation in aqueous solutions as ultrasound can break hydrogen bonds and rapture single- or double-strands in the helix [19].
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