If the redistributed farm was previously operated as a unit, its division means fragmentation and reduction of scale; however, if it was operated in fragments by tenants, transfer of title to the tenants would not affect the scale.
Ongoing deforestation in Southeast Asia is leading to increased fragmentation and reduction of habitat for the mainland clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa).
Supercritical water was used for simultaneous fragmentation and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) sheets into water-dispersible graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with tunable sizes.
Of the three growth types, the leapfrog growth pattern destroys the integrity of water bodies, thereby preventing the connection of lakes to the main surface water network, and thus results in increase fragmentation and reduction of ecosystem services.
As an alternative, the effects of genetic drift in the genetic composition of a population and the impacts of habitat fragmentation and reduction on species variability can also be studied while exploring plants' growth and ecological requirements (a topic that is part of the official programs in many countries; Additional file 1).
Furthermore, polysomnographic studies performed on mechanically ventilated ICU patients have demonstrated an increase in sleep fragmentation, a reduction in slow-wave and REM sleep, and an abnormal distribution of sleep, because almost half of the total sleep time occurred during the daytime [11 13].
Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, were not a threat to the Puerto Rican parrot population when it was more readily self-maintaining, but as a result of the fragmentation and reduction of the population these disasters are now a threat as well.
The results of EEM analysis indicate that fragmentation and reduction of E. secundum distribution has occurred in mountain ranges south of Chapada Diamantina.
Besides DNA fragmentation, a reduction in cell volume (pyknosis) is a typical marker for apoptosis [ 18] and has also been extensively applied for detecting apoptotic protozoa [ 1].
In order to address the molecular mechanism responsible for the observed fragmentation and reduction in cristae number, we interrogated the levels of the core mitochondria-shaping proteins.
