On the other hand, in the absence of European level clarity on the application of the Directive, Member States provided local approaches, which in turn led to a fragmentation of legal approaches across Europe (Schulte in den Bäumen et al. 2010, pp 36).
This represents an important limitation, and motivates the use of fragmentation approaches in such networks.
Of note, a combination of several fragmentation approaches is very helpful for in-depth characterization since ETD tends to perform better than CID or HCD on higher charge states (Z>2 positive charges) but yields a lower number of total identifications due to its relatively slower scan rate and lower fragmentation efficiency [ 60].
The fragmentation of habitats has been approached from a landscape perspective and also from that of species-specific habitat needs.
The FRAC-MN usually describes the complexity and fragmentation of patch dynamics; and it approaches the value of one for shapes with very simple perimeters such as circles or squares; it approaches two for shapes with highly convoluted and plane-filling perimeters (McGarigal et al. 2002).
This article proposes the use of several fragmentation approaches (proactive, source, reactive, and toilet paper) for VDTNs.
The collapse of Doha, and its fragmentation of the multilateral or global approach to trade, means that China did not consider these consequences as outweighing its own economic interests–and really could not function as a "broker" as it pursued its own agenda.
These authors argued that current assessment tasks in the university context show specific characteristics: they often emphasise problem solution rather than problem formulation; fragmentation of tasks inhibits a holistic approach to assessments and treatments as grading leads students to focus on marks.
Recently, two new techniques have been developed to facilitate the identification of target residues by MS. In one approach, the fragmentation of ADP-ribose-containing tryptic peptides generates characteristic breakdown products of ADP-ribose or ADP-ribosylarginine that can be used to trace the ADP-ribosylated peptides (Hengel et al. 2009; Osago et al. 2009).
The algorithms are classified into the vertical fragmentation approach, the horizontal fragmentation approach, and the hybrid approach of both.
Integrated care programs have begun to receive support as approaches to reduce fragmentation of care and to achieve improved results for patient outcomes [ 17].
