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But that fractured decision gave little guidance to lower courts on how to apply it.
Indeed, the lower courts have struggled to make sense of that fractured decision.
At Thursday's argument, Justice Scalia conceded that a fractured decision did not necessarily mean that it announced a new principle.
The court's heavily fractured decision -- its dissents and concurrences crossed ideological lines -- sounds a welcome note of caution.
Since it was issued, Union Gas has created confusion among the lower courts that have sought to understand and apply the deeply fractured decision.
Last July, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, in Richmond, Va., issued a fractured decision in the case.
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In the badly fractured Aro II decision, a majority concluded that a violator of §271(c) must know "that the combination for which his component was especially designed was both patented and infringing". 377 U. S., at 488.
Back-row forward Willie Poching is recovering from a fractured cheekbone, The decision to move the Challenge Cup to later in the year doesn't seem to have harmed this most venerable of competitions; in fact it seems more in keeping as the season draws to its climax.
The high court hasn't spoken definitively on the issue since the fractured 1978 Bakke decision, when the majority said universities may take race into account in admissions.
But some experts say that Iraq's response to the Russians reflects the fractured nature of decision-making in Baghdad, its attempt to navigate a middle ground between the United States and Iran and that the Iraqi government has a divergent reading of how to deal with Syria.
In an unusually fractured 4-to-3 decision, the justices found that the trial judge had erred in several jury instructions in the sentencing of the man, Thomas J. Koskovich.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com