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In addition, the fracture development intensity model was developed and used as the main input to construct the 3D discrete network structural fracture model based on the spatial restriction to the structural fracture development index model.
Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass.
In an effort to reduce the high incidence of cement extravasation and detrimental sequelae such as infection, cement toxicity, and adjacent fracture development due to altered sagittal balance, kyphoplasty was developed in the mid-1990s by Garfin et al. [ 52].
In addition, a number of low-amplitude structural traps are developed in the slope area, which is favorable for fracture development (Sonnenberg et al. 2011).
Aiming to resolve the technical problems of lower gas concentrations and a reduced effective drainage period caused by gas-drainage borehole fracture development, a flexible gel (FG) gas-drainage borehole sealing material was developed that adapts to borehole deformation.
Dual laterolog is widely used to study fracture development and fracture porosity because of good current focusing and detectability of fractured formation (Sibbit and Faivre 1985; Li et al. 1996; Deng and Li 2009; Noroozi et al. 2010; Le et al. 2011; Ja'fari et al. 2012; Deng et al. 2013).
Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) highlighted fracture development in treated basalt.
Fracture development appears to have been strongly influenced by structural evolution.
The structural surface geometrical restoration technique was applied to establish the structural fracture development index model.
Below a critical stress magnitude, the sample inhomogeneities control the hydraulic fracture development.
The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits.
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