Sentence examples for fractionation equilibrium from inspiring English sources

Evaporation of water is influenced by two types of fractionation, equilibrium and kinetic, which are dependent upon environmental conditions such as temperature and the vapor pressure gradient (Figure 1).

Tossel (2005) used quantum mechanical calculations to estimate isotope fractionation equilibrium constants for a number of Mo compounds, suggesting fractionation factors of 0.9979 0.9985 between tetrahedrally-bound Mo in MoO42− to octahedrally-bound Mo in Mo(OH 6.

According to their study, isotopic fractionation in equilibrium between dissolved sulfate and sulfide can reach 68 ± 2‰ at 20°C.

Upon further fractionation by equilibrium sucrose gradient centrifugation (0.1 1.2 M), the prominin-1-containing 200,000 × g pellet (as revealed by immunoblotting) was found in a peak of relatively low buoyant density (Fig 1B, Fraction 4 6, 1.07 g/ml, arrow) similar to that of exosomes or synaptic vesicles (Huttner et al, 1983; Théry et al, 2002).

The precipitation of calcium carbonate from water is an example of an equilibrium fractionation process.

The magnitude of the equilibrium fractionation factor is likely 1.0001 to 1.001.

The Fe isotope data indicate that the equilibrium fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe, Δ56FeCpy-Fe (aq), at 350 °C is small, 0.09 ± 0.17‰ (2σ), and is in good agreement with recent theoretical equilibrium predictions.

Comparison of the experimental mineral fluid equilibrium fractionation factors with conjugate chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe pairs sampled from high temperature hydrothermal vent systems at Axial Caldera and Main Endeavour Field (Juan de Fuca Ridge) are in agreement with this inference.

In this paper we show for carbon isotopes of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds [trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE), vinylchloride (VC)] and carbon and hydrogen isotopes of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, p-xylene) that no significant fractionation occurs during equilibrium sorption onto activated carbon, lignite coke and lignite.

Geothermometers are based on temperature-dependant chemical reactions or isotope equilibrium fractionation relations from which the equilibrium temperatures can be calculated.

Theoretical mass-dependent fractionation lines for equilibrium and kinetic systems diverge as the magnitude of fractionation increases (Fig.  4).