The origin of the universal scaling behavior may be found in equation (39), which predicts that the fractional peak shift would behave as (d/D)− 3 or [(s + D /D]− 3 where s = d – D is the gap width between the particles and D is the diameter.
Because in this work, we are quantifying mass loss from pretreatment it is possible to calculate a relative abundance based on the fractional peak area per original mass of biomass to give an indication of the yield of pyrolytic products from the original biomass.
Rather than quantitating as absolute yields, component peaks within pyrograms can be interpreted quantitatively for estimating ratios between pools of components (e.g. S/G ratios) using, either peak area or fractional peak area [ 40, 43, 44] as is done in this work or peak area divided by its corresponding molar mass to yield an approximate relative "molar abundance" [ 41, 42, 45].
Results No significant differences between study groups were observed with respect to muscle mass and systolic parameters, such as ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and peak systolic velocity.
Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties were evaluated including ventricular geometry, fractional shortening, peak shortening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (±dL/dt), time-to-peak shortening (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), fura-fluorescence intensity (FFI) and intracellular Ca2+ clearance.
Furthermore, Jain et al. reported the fractional plasmon peak shift, ∆λ/λo, exhibits a universal scaling against the normalized gap width defined as gap/diameter, irrespective of the detailed geometrical parameters, as shown in Figure 8(b) [95].
(From [88]) (b) Calculated fractional plasmon peak shift vs the ratio of interparticle gap to nanodisk diameter, showing that the scaled data points for the different disc sizes follow a common trend, which can be fit together to the single-exponential decay (solid curves) y = ae − x/τ with and τ = 0.23 ± 0.03 (From Ref. [95]).
(b) Calculated fractional plasmon peak shift vs the ratio of interparticle gap to nanodisk diameter, showing that the scaled data points for the different disc sizes follow a common trend, which can be fit together to the single-exponential decay (solid curves) y = ae − x/τ with and τ = 0.23 ± 0.03 (From Ref. [95]).
Acute ethanol treatment led to compromised heart functions with decreased fractional shortening, peak shortening, and an intracellular Ca2+ rise in mouse cardiomyocytes.
MI significantly reduced fractional shortening, cardiomyocyte peak shortening, and maximal velocity of shortening and relengthening, all of which were attenuated or abrogated by MSC therapy.
Our data revealed enlarged end systolic diameter, decreased fractional shortening, myocyte peak shortening and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening as well as prolonged duration of relengthening in LPS-treated FVB mice associated with reduced intracellular Ca2+ release and decay.
