The fraction of all the Hamming Distance (HD) = 1 mutants of the master sequence that fold into units of replication is λ ms = 0.06 (note that a broad definition of neutrality is adopted, as folding into a unit of replication suffices, and replication rate is not taken into account).
We used the fraction of neutral mutants at Hamming distance d as the function w(d) for the particular reference sequence.
For each reference sequence, we determined its secondary structure, and measured the fraction of mutant sequences at Hamming distances d = 1,2,...,8 that folded into the same structure, by calculating the secondary structure of up to 106 mutant sequences at each Hamming distance.
(7) Here is the mutational entropy (the log fraction of sequence states with Hamming distance r) [ 32] and we have used the exact result u r +1, r / u r, r +1 = e2(N - 1)Δ F. To derive (7), we then simply approximated N - 1 by N. The form of Pstat(r) reflects the selection pressure, i.e., the scale s of fitness differences in the landscape F r).
In Table 1 the average TS contents and indigestible starch fractions of RTmd and HAM are shown.
The digestible fraction of RTmd was degraded completely after 4 h, whereas degradation of HAM still continued after 4 h.
Hocks are a fraction of the cost of a whole ham.
She helped herself to packets of potato waffles, pies and ham – a small fraction of the goods that had been abandoned after the store's freezers broke down.
As pointed out in Fig. 1, 99% of in vitro digestible RTmd fractions were degraded after 4 h, whereas only 86% of those of HAM were digested at this stage.
The governing highly nonlinear partial differential equation of motion, energy and nanoparticle volume fraction has been simplified by using suitable similarity transformations and then solved analytically with the help of HAM [24 39].
