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The fraction of exposures that attain the PK/PD target can be determined across the MIC range of the pathogen and used to help select MIC breakpoints (17, 18 ).
Under this rule, if SO2 emissions decrease by an expected 50%, sulfate will become a smaller fraction of PM2.5; therefore, other sources will become more important, particularly since SOA from aromatic hydrocarbon precursors are not expected to decrease and could represent an increasingly larger fraction of exposures.
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The average fraction of exposure affected by flaring has declined with time, and was practically zero for a long stretch.
In occupational settings, the inhalation of phthalates via fumes from heated PVC most likely constitutes a comparatively larger fraction of exposure for workers.
Importantly, the biomonitoring data for methyl eugenol do provide information on total exposure to this chemical, which can be compared with dietary estimates to provide some perspective on the fraction of exposure from food consumption.
One shortcoming of our assessment of nonoccupational pesticide exposure is that we did not include dietary exposure, which may contribute a substantial fraction of pesticide exposures (Whitmore et al. 1994; Yess et al. 1991).
Glorennec and colleagues [ 4] estimated the fractions of exposure due to different sources for this population under ordinary exposure conditions.
The absence of the values, therefore, will result in underestimates of the measure of total toxicity (HI) and the fraction of mixture exposures with MHQ values greater than 1, and could affect the value of MCR.
This factor could account for a substantial fraction of pesticide exposures and could explain differences in urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations.
The dominant fraction of MeHg exposure for anglers is from fish harvested from the Gulf of Mexico (∼74%), with additional exposure from the commercial market and other locally caught seafood.
But combined, the exposure rate of all those operations, measured in passenger miles flown, is a tiny, statistically meaningless fraction of the exposure rate experience of scheduled airlines (which operate under the more stringent rules of FAR Part 121) and their passengers.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com