Sentence examples for fraction of divergence from inspiring English sources

α is the fraction of divergence attributable to adaptive evolution (driven by positive selection on amino acid changing mutations).

Estimates of α inform us about the fraction of divergence that is adaptive but not the rate of adaptive protein evolution per se.

This result suggested that a significant fraction of divergence in the 5'UTR was probably driven to fixation by positive selection.

A second problem with considering rates of amino acid divergence is that a significant fraction of this divergence may be positively selected in Drosophila (McDonald and Kreitman 1991; Fay et al. 2002; Smith and Eyre-Walker 2002; Sella et al. 2009), complicating the interpretation of "constraint".

Accordingly, several methods use divergence data in combination with SFS data to estimate the fraction of nonsynonymous divergence that is driven by beneficial mutations.

Moreover, such rearrangements may account for a larger fraction of genomic divergence than nucleotide substitutions [ 7].

Next, we sought to quantify what fraction of nonsynonymous divergence is driven by escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs).

A large fraction of nonsynonymous divergence between species in the D. melanogaster species group is in excess of neutral expectations, a pattern that has been interpreted as the product of recurrent positive selection (Sella et al. 2009).

To substantially underestimate the fraction of protein divergence due to accumulating slightly deleterious mutations, the past population sizes of both species would have to have been considerably smaller than estimated for an appreciable amount of time.

Our findings lend credence to the claim that a large fraction of protein divergence in Drosophila is indeed the product of recurrent positive selection (Sella et al. 2009) rather than a mere artifact of demography (Hughes 2007).

Despite evidence for different demographic histories, differences in population size have apparently played little role in the dynamics of protein evolution in these two species, and estimates of the adaptive fraction of protein divergence in both species remain high even if we account for recent 10-fold growth.