The location model intends to minimize three types of costs.
In general, there are two types of costs associated with producing an agricultural product: variable and fixed costs.
The quadratic assignment problem with penalty takes three types of costs into consideration: direct cost, interactive cost an penalty.
Essentially, the cost of intermittency entails two types of costs to the power utilities: additional ramping costs and spinning reserve costs.
The approximate data from the Fig. 2 for two types of costs, namely server management/administrative cost and power/cooling cost are captured.
We define three types of costs for links: (i) the link-price, (ii) the maintenance cost, and (iii) the transfer payment.
(Arguably, we can assume that these two types of costs provide an upper and lower bound for the true cost of fall-related injuries, respectively).
Two types of costs are considered; opening cost, assumed for opening a potential DC plus shipping cost per unit from DC to the customers.
Stern [51] identified three types of costs arising from the reduction of deforestation, which are i) opportunity costs previous to the preservation of forests, ii) costs of administration and implementing effective action, and iii) costs of managing the transition.
They concluded that an increase in energy prices led to only a very slight increase in these two types of costs, and the competitiveness of firms was affected even less ([4], p. 115).
Three types of costs were analysed: (i) the cost of the consultation, using the tariffs for medical consultations for the 2008 period; (ii) the cost of medical prescriptions, involving the total amount of medicines prescribed using the prices listed in the Gers Officine January 2008 database [22]; and (iii) the total cost of management which combined the costs of consultations plus prescriptions.
