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These examples were based on Carroll's original conception of the four responsibilities and typical business practices coming under each category (Appendix 1).
In 1991 Carroll illustrated these four responsibilities in a pyramid, which ranks business responsibilities in order of relative importance, with economic responsibilities assumed as primary, followed by legal, ethical and finally philanthropic responsibilities.
Carroll (1991, p.40) acknowledged that none of the four responsibilities were new to the CSR concept, but argued that it was only recently that the significance of the ethical and philanthropical functions had assumed prominence.
This set of four responsibilities creates a foundation or infrastructure that helps to delineate in some detail and to frame or characterize the nature of businesses' responsibilities to the society of which it is a part.
According to the contrived "Institutes of Trajan", there are four responsibilities or duties of the prince: to revere God, to love his subjects, to have self-discipline, and to educate his officials (Poli V 3 n68).
One of the early scholars Carroll (1991) characterised CSR into four responsibilities in a pyramidal form to depict the order of importance and their historical development but argues that all four co-exist; Philanthropic Responsibilities, Ethical Responsibilities, Legal Responsibilities and Economic Responsibilities.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com