Sentence examples for founding of population from inspiring English sources

In this section, we specify that for all g ≥ 1, all introgression parameters are constant in time after the founding of population H (s1, g = s1, s2, g = s2, and h g = h for all g ≥ 1).

In Figure 2C, we consider an admixture process with a symmetric founding of population H as before (s1,0 = s2,0 = 1 2 ), in which the subsequent contributions from the source populations S1 and S2 are nonzero and constant across generations, but with S2 contributing more than S1 at each generation (0 ≠ s1, g s2, g for all g ≥ 1).

For five scenarios in which the admixture process is constant after the founding of population H (s1, g = s1 and s2, g = s2 for all g ≥ 1), Figure 2 plots the complete set of values of P(H1, g) for the first six generations.

Among formulations with a one-dimensional geographic structure, some models (e.g., Austerlitz et al. 1997; Deshpande et al. 2008) allow migration after the initial founding of populations and assume that once a population is founded, it logistically grows to its carrying capacity.

In a population that has undergone a population bottleneck (or the founding of the population from a small number of individuals followed by rapid population growth) some alleles that were rare in the founding population have been maintained or even increased their frequency.

For i < j, the founding of extant population E i took place at least as far back in time as that of extant population E j.

For i < j, the founding of ancestral population A j took place at least as far back in time as that of ancestral population A i. N i denotes the size of ancestral population A i, i = 0, 1, …, 2 K – 1.

From a theoretical perspective, our review reveals a clear divide between demographic and genetic approaches to understanding the consequences of small population sizes and the founding of new populations.

Baer [ 42] also hypothesized an important role for population expansion and cross-peninsula gene flow in influencing current levels of genetic variation including recent founding of ACP populations after Early Pleistocene high seas (≤1.5 Ma; 'northeast colonization' hypothesis), supported by lower genetic diversity and a lack of isolation-by-distance only among ACP populations.

We incorporate severe bottlenecks into the modern serial founder model by increasing the bottleneck lengths to L rb = 16 generations instead of Lb = 2 during the founding of modern populations 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, and 85.

This is unexpected, and suggests that the pattern of lifecycle history of the species likely includes frequent events of isolation by distance and founding of new populations by small numbers of related nematodes, and less common events of crossing between distinct evolutionary lineages.