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We hold that such action constitutes a search requiring founded suspicion that criminal activity is afoot and that, in each of these cases, such founded suspicion was established.
"Blacks are likely targeted for stops based on a lesser degree of objectively founded suspicion than whites," she wrote.
In both of these cases the Appellate Division properly concluded that the officers "founded suspicion" that criminality was afoot provided sufficient grounds for the search.
Moreover, the predicate for a canine sniff selected by the majority, founded suspicion that criminal activity is afoot, is divorced from the realities of the encounter.
There is record support in each of these appeals for the Appellate Division holdings that police possessed a founded suspicion to conduct the canine sniff.
In all, Judge Scheindlin concluded, "these results show that blacks are likely targeted for stops based on a lesser degree of objectively founded suspicion than whites".
Similar(47)
He said:"There are founded suspicions that he received a bribe from an Albanian businessman from Kosovo in order to start the procedure to recognize Kosovo independence.
When I finally admitted to my relationships with women after a year and a half of evading their founded suspicions, they were thrilled.
In terms of overcoming stigmas and historically founded suspicions of the US medical system with respect to research and clinical trials, many participants cited the importance of education, physician compassion, and communication 37, 38.
A new study became available to check how founded this suspicion was.
An occasional suspicion founded on clear grounds is warranted and acceptable, and is part of staying vigilant to look after yourself.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com