(ii) As we have briefly noted, however, according to Leibniz's most mature metaphysics, physical bodies and events are themselves to be understood as merely well-founded phenomena.
Might it be that space and time are not constituents of reality as God perceives reality but nevertheless "well-founded phenomena" (as Leibniz held)?
This relation between the phenomena and the underlying simple substances is what Leibniz means when he talks about "well-founded phenomena" [phenomena bene fundata].
That is, bodies just are aggregates of substances which appear to us as extended corporeal phenomena, though they are "well-founded" phenomena; they have their foundation in real beings.
But insofar as the bodies of the natural world are well-founded phenomena – that is, insofar as they are grounded in the simple substances – they are not simply phenomena as in Berkeley's philosophy.
Thus, at the ultimate level, the appetitions are not so much the tendencies impelling a person towards voluntary motions of the human body (although at the level of well-founded phenomena this may indeed be the case) but rather tendencies arising out of present perceptions (present appearances) towards new perceptions.
This is why Leibniz says that, at the level of bodies (that is, for Leibniz, at the level of well-founded phenomena), all occurs according to the laws of efficient causes; whereas with respect to perceptions and appetites (or at least with some of these interpretations differ here) all occurs according to the laws of final causes.
Judi Sheppard Missett, who turned her love of jazz dance into a worldwide dance exercise phenomenon, founded the Jazzercise dance fitness program in 1969.
Indeed, the scientists in this sample with low interest in academic careers illustrate that this concern may have been well founded, and the phenomenon of talented scientists moving away from biomedical research careers due to systemic issues may already be manifesting itself.
Scott Rosenbaum, a thirty-one-year-old former Internet marketer who lives in New Jersey, read a newspaper article about this phenomenon and founded Rent-a-Friend, in October, 2009.
