Science works best this way, when qualified people can evaluate evidence without political pressure to draw poorly founded conclusions.
Characteristically, the Deweyan vision was that scientific method would yield, in due course, objective and empirically founded conclusions that could be directed toward the solution of problems in education, politics or economics.
Moreover, sorting out the causes of poor performance would also lead to better founded conclusions concerning between-species comparisons (Ferguson's progressive ratio lever-pressing experiment).
Careful consideration of target regions and stimulation parameters, longer follow-up, and the use of a double-blind, sham-controlled design may allow us to draw founded conclusions in the future.
Founding conclusions on anecdotes or observable events alone can misinterpret both trends over time and the relative distribution of violence with respect to regions, ethnicity or perpetrators.
However, the wolves on which biologists founded their conclusions about dominance hierarchies were animals living in unnaturally constituted groups in captivity.
The concept can be traced as far back as Aristotle, but HW Fowler, whose entry on begging the question is listed under the Latin petitio principii (assumption of the basis), defines it as "the fallacy of founding a conclusion on a basis that as much needs to be proved as the conclusion itself", giving as an example "foxhunting is not cruel, since the fox enjoys the fun".
"The Second World War led historians of my generation to the reluctant conclusion, founded on our own experience, that there were some problems -- some logjams -- that only war could solve".
Our results suggest that all MRI criteria should be used in combination to arrive at a well-founded conclusion regarding the presence of myocarditis, which is notoriously difficult to diagnose.
The dictionary's translations, he noted, "run the gamut between conclusions founded on an unshakable array of evidence and provocative assertions about slim data".
