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Until there's a recognition and understanding of that foundational violence, the problems of racial discrimination and social inequality will endure from one generation to the next, even if their exact presentation changes.
Focusing on the nature of foundational violence, war, and existential crises, eighteenth-century thinkers understood law and constitutional order not as constraints on political power but as the logical implication of that primordial force.
The question of the legitimacy of law thus turns on the question of the legitimacy of an identity-constituting sovereign exercise of foundational violence.
Praising one of the acknowledged heroes of the contemporary Right is one thing, but recalling his white supremacist origins reminded the country of the foundational violence of that Right.
That is, this peace process, its lexicon, and its orthodoxy work to assert a false reality of mutual national struggle, which in turn erases the legacy of Israeli foundational violence and, therefore, the anti-colonial Palestinian struggle.
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Agnosia, as a particular manifestation of colonial aporia, indexes how the disjuncture between colonialism as simultaneously everywhere and nowhere shapes the hegemonic terms of the contemporary United States and those places similarly shaped by the foundational and persistent violence of colonial displacement.
John Villasenor, a researcher at Brookings, asked 1,500 kids enrolled in schools across 49 states and Washington, DC, four questions about their thoughts on the First Amendment and found that not only did they possess a shocking ignorance about one of the country's foundational ideas, but that many condoned violence against people they disagreed with.
In truth, currents generated by his medieval predecessor, in the foundational era of the Crusades, flowed not only into sanctified violence and contempt for the other — evils we know too well.
Despite ignorant but popular notions that rap beef is simply about violence, battle rap and rappers as rivals has been foundational to hip hop since its inception.
The members of Golden Dawn now in custody have been charged with murder, attempted murder, and blackmail; the charges against individuals are being developed to support the foundational allegation that Golden Dawn is a criminal organization that has used systematic violence, along with money laundering and other illegal and corrupt practices.
Similarly, evolutionary arguments that can provide foundational support for sexist or oppressive practices, for example, arguments for the adaptive nature of violence against women (see Palmer and Thornhill (2000) for a readable account of this research program), have drawn intensive feminist scrutiny (for example see papers in Travis 2003a).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com