These bills are designed to punish primarily foreign-based websites found to violate or facilitate violations of U.S. copyrights.
The bill would also stiffen fines for colleges found to violate the federal requirement for reporting sexual crimes.
Judge Stanton also rejected comparisons between YouTube and other Internet companies that had been found to violate copyrights, like Grokster.
But the law has not been tested, and it should eventually be found to violate the constitutional requirement that states respect each other's legal acts.
Okoroafor was tried by a military tribunal, which the African Commission, an organisation that safeguards human rights in the continent, has found to violate fair trial rules.
"Today, a secret program authorized by a secret court was, when exposed to the light of day, found to violate Americans' rights.
"Today, a secret program authorised by a secret court was, when exposed to the light of day, found to violate Americans' rights.
Whether any of the legislation I have mentioned, or other bills in the pipeline, will actually be found to violate the European Convention remains to be seen.
And by next year, Dr. Kopelow said, the council may require companies to inform the teachers and students when their classes are found to violate standards of bias.
Under such an arrangement, if Microsoft is found to violate a court-approved consent decree, it would have to pay large fines or perhaps even be broken up.
In cases where law has clearly been found to violate convention rights, the House of Lords has issued declarations of incompatibility.
