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In another study, 36% of the hospitalized older patients were found to be frail using the Reported Edmonton Frail Score (REFS) [ 40].
9, 10, 34 Other patients undergoing this form of surgery, such as those with a prior hip fracture injury, are a group often found to be frail and underweight, and these features may explain why a moderate percentage of these cases are likely to experience aseptic loosening, and/or infection, periprosthetic fractures and especially dislocations.
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We found that frailty was not different between men and women, but female patients were found to be more frail in other studies [ 8, 10].
The number and types of depressive symptoms were found to be higher among frail and pre-frail elderly.
Moreover, according to the findings of this study as many as five of the seven dimensions of QOL that we investigated were found to be impaired in frail older participants.
After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cognitive status (MMSE scores), and number of co morbidities, serum SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 concentrations were found to be significantly lower in frail as compared to nonfrail patients (Table 2).
Dysphagia has been found to be strongly associated with aspiration pneumonia in frail older people.
Two frail patients were found to be ineligible according to the pre-specified Fried criteria.
The BC profile/phenotype of the frail elderly was found to be characterized by lower muscle mass and bone mass, as well as with greater fat %, compared with the nonfrail profile/phenotype.
The MNA scores have been found to be significantly correlated to nutritional parameters in frail older persons [ 40].
Obesity was found to be protective against falling but not specifically in frail older adults.
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