Sea Shepherd would aim to scupper missions by any means, whether it was throwing foul-smelling acid or sinking ships.
New research published online today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B hints that some members of the Atta genus may combat infection with a foul-smelling acid.
Crew members of the Sea Shepherd vessel Steve Irwin also threw bottles of foul-smelling butyric acid on the deck of the Yushin Maru No. 2, seeking to prevent the Japanese whalers from working.
During the IWC meeting, being held in Jersey, Japanese delegates showed pictures and videos that, they said, showed the campaigners attacking whaling vessels with projectiles including flares, which set netting alight, and glass bottles filled with foul-smelling butyric acid.
Fouling by humic acid was also considerably reduced.
Data are presented from a series of laboratory experiments designed to evaluate separation performance and humic acid fouling for two RO membranes treating brackish water at temperatures of 15, 25, and 35°C.
This indicates NOM extracted from commercial humic acid fouled the membrane and have adverse effect on membrane performance.
In addition to arson attacks, she is charged with injecting butyric acid -- a foul-smelling substance -- into the walls of clinics in Chico, Calif., and Reno.
In addition, the modified negatively charged membrane with a strongly acidic (sulfonic acid) functional group has better rejection of humic acid and less membrane fouling than that with a weakly acidic (carboxylic acid) functional group.
The hydrophobic membrane was seriously fouled by the phenolic acid as shown in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum.
