The young cuckoo has evolved an astonishing form of behaviour, that of nest-mate eviction, that ensures that it will not have to compete with members of the foster brood for food.
Siblings were placed in the same foster brood, with each foster brood including chicks from both treatments.
The yolk androgen levels for a foster brood were estimated as the mean level in the single eggs collected from clutches from which the chicks originated, weighted by the number of chicks from each original clutch.
These 60 nestlings were arranged into ten new foster broods, with a brood size of six chicks.
Within each brood size treatment, foster broods did not differ in mass at hatching (always p > 0.605).
Breeding events that had been subject to manipulations such as cross-fostering, brood enlargement or reductions (potentially influencing survival of offspring) were excluded from our analysis.
Shortly after hatching (oldest chick 3 5 days old) we conducted a simultaneous cross-fostering and brood size manipulation [33], to increase or reduce the needs of the brood and to disentangle the effects of growth environment and origin on plasma carotenoid levels of chicks.
"Klinghoffer" is as much an orchestral drama as a vocal one: the instruments are always brooding behind the voices, fostering doubt.
Workers from the high and low pollen-hoarding strains and wild-type bees were co-fostered in colonies with either brood or no brood.
We're fostering entrepreneurship".
