In this paper we contribute to the discussion on whether intellectual property rights foster or hinder innovation by means of a laboratory experiment.
Thus, networks imply a challenge to pyramidal, vertical or horizontal structures of an organisation; they foster communication and efficient work by means of information and communication technologies, (Pérez and Castañeda 2009, Steiner and Ploder 2011, Castells, 1998).
"How does this affect scientific and medical research?" "Does gene patenting encourage innovative research?" "Does it influence the 'objectivity' of science, which [it is claimed] is free from commercial interest?" "Does it foster collaboration or thwart it by means of secrecy?" These questions are crucial ones.
The distinction between meaning and interpretation fostered the idea that texts have a literal meaning, that knowledge can be completely expressed by means of such literal meanings, and that texts can be autonomous and objective.
Using the potential outcomes approach, longitudinal register data on more than 7500 Swedish foster children born 1973 1978 were analyzed by means of doubly robust treatment-effect estimators.
The study thus focuses on the philosophy of deconstruction and its interpretation through architecture as a creativity fostering agency of thought, corroborating this stance by means of renowned examples of the adoption, sometimes unknowing, of deconstructionist philosophy.
Technological advances in the last 10 years have fostered the study of the genetics of complex traits by means of genome-wide approaches that allow the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genetic variants on large cohorts.
All DNA sequences were determined by means of a 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) using a BigDye Terminator v.3.1 cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems).
Transparency, by means of disclosure of potential conflicts, could foster public trust.
The establishment of large orthopaedic research networks, by means of orthopaedic associations and specialist societies, can foster a culture in which these large, multicentre trials are feasible.
Real-time PCR was performed by means of an ABI prism 7000 apparatus (Applied Biosystem, Foster City, CA) using the assay-on-demand kits (Table 1) as previously described [ 17, 21].
