If two or more flows pass through the same region, the forwarding nodes of each flow encounter contentions not only from its own flow but also from other flows.
Because of the void-hole caused by the uneven distribution of nodes and sparse deployment, the selection of next hop forwarding nodes only based on the state of current node may result in the failure of forwarding in the local sparse region.
Network coding in lossy networks can result in improved achieved rate regions, compared to packet forwarding [9, 10].
Thirty-seven (16%) participants died and one left the area without forwarding details before follow-up at 180 days.
Click Add a forwarding address in the "Forwarding" section.
Alternatively, the source node can use geocasting, which is similar to broadcast routing except that receiving nodes and/or forwarding nodes are confined to a specific region [9, 10].
There are two strategies: greedy forwarding and routing around the perimeter of the region.
The other benefit is that vehicles in the downtown region should use the multi-hop forwarding strategy rather than the carry-and-forward strategy, since vehicles in this region have a large probability to be connected to the biggest connected component.
