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Currently, the library includes the Astra toolbox and the Gridrec forward projector [18].
The purpose of reconstructing simulated data is to isolate any causes of inaccuracy to either the forward projector or back projector.
On the other hand, if the relative difference is off by a factor similar to that of measured spheres, this would indicate that the back-projector is not correctly normalized since the forward projector in this case can be considered "perfect".
These images were then forward-projected using a rotation-based forward projector to generate sinograms.
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For MCR, which includes attenuation in the forward-projector, there is no gradient.
As opposed to the MC-based forward-projector, the back-projector model includes several approximations.
No explicit calibration is necessary in this method since the forward-projector model maintains a relationship between the number of counts and activity.
No explicit calibration is necessary in this method since the forward-projector model maintains a consistent relationship between count and activity.
The combination of an MC-based forward-projector and a simplified analytical ray-tracing back-projector produced quantitative images of acceptable image quality.
Hence, to utilize fully the potential of an accurate forward-projector, such as an MC-based one, more iterations than are typically used clinically may be necessary.
So, if the forward-projector used in the reconstruction exactly matched the generation of the measured projections, the errors are substantially reduced.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com