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For reverse side fault the angle is positive and negative for forward fault.
Also, detection of forward fault is communicated to the remote relay at B34.
One set of relay settings will work for forward fault current direction and other will work for the reverse direction of fault current.
However, directional element of the communication based scheme in R34 detects a forward fault, and the observed peak |dv/dt| is above its "Low-setting" (1450 kV/ms).
Any fault in the direction of the protected line from a breaker is defined as a forward fault and a fault on the bus side from a breaker is defined as a reverse fault.
Similar(55)
The proposed scheme could detect the forward faults and its zone within half cycle time in all the cases.
For example, faults on both Line-XY and Line-YP are forward faults for relay associated with breaker BXY whereas a fault on Line-XY is in the reverse direction for the relay associated with breaker BYP.
The centres have copped a lot of grief since the autumn but much of it was the forwards' fault.
Simulations are carried out for various power system events, such as forward side fault, reverse side fault, fault with different SIR value, voltage zero and voltage peak fault, close-in fault, phase-to-phase fault, ground fault, high resistance fault, end zone fault etc.
This indicates forward side fault.
In Fig. 8b, the responses of different methods for forward side fault are provided.
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