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Additionally, measurement instruments and the formulation of items in surveys should be situation specific.
Pilot test: a pilot test of the initial Chinese version of SPQ with 20 painful TMD patients was carried out to ensure that the formulation of items was clear.
Differences in the formulation of items might also affect the responses.
At the same time, we see a lot of dissimilarities in the specific formulation of items used to assess these dimensions.
The classification reveals that there is a large overlap of dimensions, albeit not in the formulation of items, covered in the seven surveys.
The formulation of items followed some simple rules: clear language, no double negation, wording that hopefully would elicit the respondent's spontaneous reaction.
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The SIAS can be revised with a non-heteronormative formulation of item 14 with psychometric equivalence on item and scale level.
This study concludes that the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale SIASS) can be revised with the non-heteronormative formulation of item 14 herein described without affecting the psychometric properties.
While our non-heteronormative formulation of item 14 does not make any explicit reference to any sexual orientation, the phrasing does invite further interpretation and hence, cultural factors may be invoked.
It is possible that the lower correlation between the subscale score and reference standards for kinesiophobia and depression was due to this re-wording, however this would seem unlikely, especially since the new formulation of item five resulted in a higher conformity to the original TSK-item which was used to develop the STarT-Tool [ 8].
Formulations of items pertaining to WRTs were matched to the format of the TLEQ.
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