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It would be useful to be able to predict the extent of in vivo precipitation so that formulation measures to counteract this problem can be taken.
In the proposed formulation, measures are incorporated to account for the effects of the surface topography, i.e. waviness and roughness, surface metallurgy, i.e. altered layer, and surface excess energy on the mechanics of ultra-thin films.
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The average size and zeta-potential of the formulation measured by dynamic laser-light scattering were approximately 146 ± 43.9 nm (PDI = 0.09 ± 0.02) and − 1.77 ± 0.03 mV, respectively.
For example, some studies with the onabotulinumtoxinA formulation measured time to relapse based on a return to baseline glabellar severity at 2 consecutive visits (30 days apart).
The mean diameters of the formulations measured by PCS (z-average) were close to 200 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) values lower than 0.34.
Concentration of TNF- α after exposure to ODN either in free form or in NPs formulations measured using ELISA method displayed results as shown in Figure 14.
Adherence was analysed in randomised matched samples for each of the six leading oral mesalazine formulations, measured by medication possession ratio (MPR); MPR ≥80% was classified as adherent.
To contribute to the formulation of measures to boost economic growth, this study identified both macro-level trade facilitating activities (TF-MA) and micro-level trade facilitating activities (TF-MI) that contribute to the development of a TCE.
The pH of the developed formulation was measured using pH meter (LI-120, Eutech Instrument, Singapore).
The difference between kinetic (μk) and static (μs) coefficients of friction for each formulation was measured to investigate creep groan propensity of each friction material since the creep groan is caused by stick slip phenomena.
It is an intuitive and simple formulation of measuring the differences between clusters.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com