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end{aligned} (1) In the special case where (f_{1}), (f_{2}) are constant with values (c_{1}), (c_{2}), respectively, this formulation is simplified to the Chan-Vese segmentation method [21] according to the level set method [32].
The above mathematical formulation is simplified by the fact that in the simulations shown, both Φ1 and Φ2 remain between 0 and 360°.
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Complicated formulations were simplified establishing four predictor factors: a) female sex; b) a history of motion sickness and/or PONV; c) absence of a smoking habit and d) any use of opioids [ 17].
Depending on the sign of E i − ∑ j ∈ S i y ij, minimization of (7 ) yields either t i ≥ E i −∑ j ∈ S i y ij or t i ≥− E i +∑ j ∈ S i y ij ∀ i. Formulation (3 - 6) is simplified by reformulating the non-linear integer program into a mixed integer problem, which is linear for a fixed λ w.
The quasi-steady formulation of the Fokker Planck equation for the pair-distribution function is simplified for negligible transversal diffusion and solved numerically.
So, the process is simplified.
For the planar motion (i.e. 2D), the formulation can be simplified such that the number of state variables is reduced to 6 (see "Experimental results" section).
The formulation has been simplified in order to reduce the computational cost while ensuring the rigor necessary to achieve safe designs.
Thus, the independent variables involved in the formulations can be reduced and the element formulation process can also be simplified.
We also show that the formulation of shattering can be simplified without losing sufficient precision.
The formulation of such problems can be simplified by using specialized equations which model heat conduction in rigid shells in terms of two temperature fields: one for the average temperature and the other for the average temperature gradient through the shell's thickness.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com