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The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who defined the modern discipline of linguistics, first explicitly formulated the distinction using the French word langage for language as a concept, langue as a specific instance of a language system, and parole for the concrete usage of speech in a particular language.
Published online: June 25 , 2012Since August Weismann (1834 1914) formulated the distinction between innate and acquired characteristics at the end of the 19th century, the debate relating to the inheritance of acquired traits has raised many controversies in the scientific community (Weismann, 1891; Bateson, 1919; Haig, 2006).
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But these theses are not trivially true; so if we are to formulate the distinctions this way, we had better not let identity properties be intrinsic in these contexts.
Having formulated the agent-relative/agent-neutral distinction and seen how it differs from other important distinctions, we are now in a position to consider why the distinction is an important one.
Hence the sages, realizing that man cannot well survive in a state of anarchy, used this intelligence to formulate the social distinctions and rules of social behaviour which would check the encroachments of one individual upon another and thereby ensure sufficiency for all.
Kant formulated this distinction as that between determinant and reflective judgments.
Thus formulated, the argument is valid.
HB formulated the hypothesis.
SK formulated the experimental diet.
JC originally formulated the idea.
CLL formulated the research topic.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com