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The main goal is to minimize the objective function formulated as the difference between the desired and generated functional parameters using the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method.
This distinction is sometimes formulated as the difference between natural law and positive law.
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The NED is formulated as the ratio of the emotional difference PEDiff[kf, n] given by Equation (15) to the masking threshold M[k, n].
The main contribution of the work lies in the fact that the global orientation is estimated based on the accumulation of local gradient information, and the global orientation difference is formulated as the problem of robust matching of gradient magnitude weighted orientation histograms.
The teleoperation problem is first formulated as the stabilization of an error dynamic system where the error is the difference between the states of the master and slave.
Apollonius' problem can also be formulated as the problem of locating one or more points such that the differences of its distances to three given points equal three known values.
A series of demands need to be formulated as the pressure rises.
A feasible answer could be formulated as the following.
The objective function of LPP is formulated as a sum of the difference between transformed low dimensional vectors weighed by a function of the difference between images.
The model was formulated as a system of difference equations, ignoring stochastic effects for simplicity (a model incorporating stochastic effects is described in Additional file 1 under the section 'Effect of finite populations').
The problem of matching the model's outputs to the patient data reported in [23] was formulated as an optimisation problem, where the difference between the simulated model outputs and the data is measured by a cost function.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com