Based on the variational principles, this approach involves formulating the path planning problem as constrained minimization of a functional representing the total joint movement over the complete path.
Based on the LASER metric, the proposed path selection scheme formulates the path cost as the summation of cost of each link, and the path with the minimum cost will be selected as the appropriate one.
Based on the above discussion, we can formulate the optimal path selection problem as a linear optimization using the objective function in (5) with constraints of the flow conservation in (8), the reliability in (9), and the wireless link scheduling in (12) and (13).
We formulate the multi-path routing problem in multi-radio WMNs as a MILP.
We formulate the crane lifting path planning as a multi-objective nonlinear integer optimization problem with implicit constraints.
We formulate the inference of gene paths from a de Bruijn graph as a problem of aligning the graph against a set of reference genes, aiming to derive in the graph paths of sequence blocks (or contigs) that are most similar to the reference genes; each path represents a gene or a gene fragment that contains shorter gene fragments.
In [10], the authors consider a cross-layer view of the minimum-length scheduling problem for static, single-hop networks through rate control and formulate the problem as a shortest path on a directed acyclic graph (DAG).
Hence, it is convenient to formulate the problem by considering only paths with exactly N connections by allowing also self-connections in node i with associated cost c ii = 0.
Second, we formulate the frame splitting over parallel paths as a constrained optimization problem of minimizing total frame delay and derive its solution based on the water filling algorithm.
For example, he writes, "I believe that one can formulate the emergence of the classical 'path' of a particle pregnantly as follows: the 'path' comes into being only because we observe it" (Heisenberg, 1927, p. 185).
