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In order to express the allowable stress for surface damage in terms of the Hertzian maximum stress p max, the formula was converted to Eq. (6) by using the relationship τ zx = 0.25p max (Yamamoto and Kaneta, 1998): {sigma}_{Hlim}=4times {tau}_w (6).
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So the formula is converted into a type of ( frac{0}{0} ).
It is shown that the obtained formulae are converted to the known Euler column formulae when the slip modulus approaches infinity (i.e. perfect bonding) and no shear deformations in the sub-elements are considered.
The fold change was subsequently calculated using the formula 2ΔΔCt (where ΔΔCt was converted to an absolute value).
Total chlorophyll content (i.e., chl a and b) was estimated using a formula C (mg/L) = 20.2OD645+8.05D663[ 45] and was converted to % of CDW.
The pattern of positive and negative responses was converted into a 50% threshold using the formula given by Dixon [ 22].
MRI data was converted to C t) using the formula from [2].
This was converted to HbA1c using the formula %HbA1c=0.017×Fructosamine+1.61.
Standard error [SE] was converted to sd using the formula SE = sd/(√n).
Information relating to feeding patterns obtained at interview was converted into a categorical variable: breast feeding alone, formula feeding alone and combination of breast and formula feeding.
This was converted to radiographic values using accepted formulae (Murray 1993).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com