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The percent of cytotoxicity based on the OD490 nm was calculated using the following formula: Percent of cytotoxicity = (PDT treated cells-no treatment control average)/(maximal killing control average-no treatment control average) × 100%.
The experiment was done in triplicate and mean ± S.E. was calculated using the following formula: percent hemolysis = Hb ABS / Hb 100 × 100.
The weighted average fertility was used to calculate the average fertility of spikelets in each panicle using the following formula: (Percent fertility of spikelets within the sheath × Percent number of spikelets trapped inside the sheath) + (Percent fertility of spikelets outside the sheath × Percent number of spikelets exserted).
The percentage of maximal change of HR and MAP was calculated using the formula: Percent change = Minimum/Baseline*100.
The calculation of the signal change was performed with this average value following the formula percent signal change = (value - average baseline for run) / average baseline for run.
Percent cytotoxicity was calculated by the following formula: Percent Cytotoxicity = 100×[(experimental release minus spontaneous release)/ total release minus spontaneous release)].
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Of the 27,000 products that were plugged into Hannaford's formula, 77 percent received no stars, including many, if not most, of the processed foods that advertise themselves as good for you.
But, recall, that the formula of.3 percent was the pathetic rate that was being paid out based on the bad deal shoved down the throats of the creators in the 1980s over videocassettes and, then carried over into the DVD era.
Cytotoxicity was determined by calculating Mitotic index (MI) according to the formula (1) percent MI = (no. of cells in metaphase total number of cells ) × 100.
Samples were first kept in a dark place at room temperature and their absorbance was read at 518 nm after 30 min. The antiradical activity was determined using the formula below: Percent % inhibition of DPPH activity = A 0 – A 1 / A 0 ] × 100%% Where A0 is the absorbance value of the blank sample or control reaction, and A1 is the absorbance value of the test sample.
The percent inhibition was calculated by using the following formula: Percentage inhibition = 1 − absorbance of sample / absorbance of control × 100.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com