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The confidence intervals were estimated for graphical purposes using the recommended formula based on standard errors [ 38].
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Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the standard formula based on self-reported height and weight.
Venous admixture (Qs/Qt) was calculated according to the standard formula based on pulmonary capillary, arterial and mixed venous oxygen contents.
This subjective AAF then was compared to the AAF obtained using the standard formula based on the relative risk of injury from alcohol and prevalence of drinking in the 6-hour period (i.e., the objective AAF) from the six ERCAAP countries, as described above.
The second scheme (method B) is a modification of the standard DD formula based on the introduction of an artificial diffusion matrix (see also [14]).
Method A is based on a primal-mixed formulation of the DD model as a function of the quasi-Fermi potential gradient, while method B is a modification of the standard DD formula based on the introduction of an artificial diffusion matrix.
The usual formula (based on large sample approximations) for the standard error of traditionally adjusted survival rates often cannot be applied due to lack of data within single age strata (Verdecchia et al, 1999).
The production of each cytokine was calculated using the linear-regression formula based on the ODs of the cytokine standards provided by the manufacturer and expressed as pg/ml.
Those standards establish a complicated formula based on the precise mixture of hazardous wastes fed into the kiln, operating conditions of the kiln, emissions measurements during test burns, and computer modeling.
The standard error of the ROC was calculated using the formula based on Hanley and McNeil [ 19].
The formula is based on standard practice in the Finnish Defence Forces since 1982 [ 21].
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