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Extended surfaces in the forms of longitudinal or radial fins or spines with various cross sections are widely used in industrial applications such as air-cooled craft engines, cooling of computer processors and electrical components, air-conditioning, refrigeration, heat exchangers, and solar collectors.
The homogeneous extended surfaces in the forms of longitudinal fins of rectangular and triangular profiles and pins of cylindrical and conical profiles are attached to a primary surface at constant temperature heat losses by convection to the surrounding medium and where the heat loss from the tip of the extended surfaces is assumed to be negligible.
It is only when additional forms of longitudinal coupling are included in the model, such as provided by multiple fluid chambers [ 99, 100, 102], that multiple propagating modes might be expected.
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From this it follows that texture in the form of longitudinal furrows is not beneficial.
The hybrid composite showed modes of progressive fatigue damage at high R-ratios and low strain amplitudes in the form of longitudinal splitting of the GF shell.
This new type of mixer, called a high-efficiency vortex (HEV) mixer, generates coherent structures in the form of longitudinal counter-rotating vortices.
It is seen that texture in the form of longitudinal furrows is not beneficial for very thin films, when the high bearing number approximation is acceptable.
24" pipeline carrying oil was failed in the form of longitudinal crack at the 6 O'clock position resulting in oil spill.
The above limitation ensures that the value of the plastic moment of resistance is maintained during sufficiently large rotations and local buckling in the form of longitudinal waves does not occur [Seide P, Weingarten VI. On the buckling of circular cylindrical shells under pure bending. Journal of Applied Mechanics 1961 28(March)].
Precursor wave structures identified as the LSWS have been observed also in the form of longitudinal wave structure in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measured on C/NOFS satellite passes, as discussed, for example, by (Thampi et al. 2009; Tulasi Ram et al. 2014; Tsunoda et al. 2011) who also found that such LSWS were present in the equatorial ionosphere well before the E layer sunset.
In the most common approach to the analysis of protein dynamics, relaxation data – in the form of longitudinal relaxation rates (R1), transverse relaxation rates (R2), and heteronuclear NOEs (Nuclear Overhauser Effects) – are used to derive microdynamic parameters that describe both the overall tumbling and the internal motions of a macromolecule.
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