The financial service industry, in the form of fees, makes sure to take a nice-sized cut of that money.
About half the payments are in the form of fees, he said, and half are in the form of non-interest-bearing deposits kept at banks.
Preference is to go to airlines with the strongest business plans and those willing to compensate the government for the guarantees in the form of fees or stock.
The money vanishes in the form of fees paid for wire transfers, especially by people without the legal status to have banking or checking accounts.
Some eyebrows may be raised by the unit's underwriting and support of research by the professors in the form of fees.
"Friction takes the form of fees and costs generated by Wall Street, excessive compensation paid to company managements and all their helpers, finders' fees for placing money, and political contributions to keep the wheels of commerce greased," he said.
In 2003, Racing & Gaming Services says, it paid more than $30 million to racetracks as fees to carry their signals; in six years, it has paid more than $105 million to tracks in the form of fees.
Mr. Guggenheim said that the deferral of revenue reflected Neoforma's "greater confidence" that it would be able to "maximize the payments from Novation" that it receives in the form of fees when it meets certain business goals.
But industry money — in the form of fees paid by mine companies for consultant work — still appears to influence the diagnoses of doctors and radiologists, according to copious research compiled by the Center.
Further, they calculate that the government has earned $83 million from the program in the form of fees over the years -- a fact the Maritime Administration, which administers the loan guarantees, says is impossible to check for accuracy.
