We conceptualize the front end in process development to be an iterative trial-and-error process, dominated by activities such as idea generation and refinement, literature reviews, anticipation of end-product changes, and various forms of experiments in bench scale, lab scale, and full-scale production.
On this point our study validates Brown and Duguid's observation that practice change often takes the form of "experiments that are simultaneously informed and checked by experience" (Brown and Duguid 1991, p. 50) and lends support to the central role given to outcomes measurement in the IHI's model for improving clinical practice (Institute for Healthcare Improvement 2003).
Evidence in the form of experiments performed on a purpose built rig has established that tangential vibration at certain frequencies and amplitudes influences surface finish.
Mr Bush's voucher plan had been carefully crafted to lure in moderate Democrats, many of whom think that some form of experiment is needed.
Remember, in any form of experiment, you must set up a repeatable system in which you can change only one variable at a time.
Another related form of experiment is the double-task experiment, in which a subject must perform an extra task (such as sequential finger-tapping or articulating nonsense syllables) while responding to linguistic stimuli; this kind of experiment has been used to investigate the use of working memory in language processing.
Analgesia administration did not take the form of experiment (treatment group and control group) because patients were given different analgesics as prescribed on the ward.
Like other forms of vivisection, experiments on monkeys should be replaced with non-animal methods that provide results directly relevant to humans.
In order to avoid such situations, pilot projects and other forms of policy experiments can and are often used to test new approaches before their full-scale roll-out.
He suggests, however, that scientists have rough-and-ready ways to assess the informational gap, using various forms of deprivation experiment (see Section 1 above).
However, such experiments, randomised or not, are rare in the field of health policy, and opportunities in the form of quasi-experiments or natural experiments have to be exploited.
