Any injury to the cartilage in the form of degeneration or trauma (or both) increases the amount of internal free water and therefore increases the T2-signal intensity [ 37].
However, the relationship between excitotoxin-induced axon degeneration and other forms of axon degeneration remain unclear.
The first two patients treated were adults with two different forms of macular degeneration, Stargardt's disease (an inherited form of juvenile macular degeneration which affects ~ 1/10,000 children) and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [4].
Therefore, in this in vitro study using cultured mouse cortical neurons, we have investigated axon degeneration following excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid to determine mechanistic similarities to other forms of axon degeneration.
Although Wlds is protective in models of axonal severing [ 9] and a number of other disease models [ 12- 14], it fails to protect against all forms of axonal degeneration in disease models [ 15- 17] and does not protect against axon degeneration that occurs in developmental axon pruning [ 18].
Mutations in human NR2E3 cause several forms of retinal degeneration including autosomal recessive enhanced S-cone syndrome [12] [13], Goldmann-Favre syndrome [14] [18], clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration [14], [17], and autosomal dominant and recessive retinitis pigmentosa [19] [21].
Although the number of identified genetic mutations underlying different forms of retinal degeneration is systematically growing, the molecular events and key components that link specific mutations to PR degeneration remain poorly characterized.
There are two forms of macular degeneration: dry and wet.
The cells, which support the light-sensing rod and cone cells above them, are damaged in some forms of macular degeneration.
