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For example, many populations have two or more forms of a gene, which are called alleles.
Genetic drift changes the frequency of alleles (forms of a gene) randomly within a population over time.
Each gene has an unusually large number of alleles (alternate forms of a gene that produce alternate forms of the protein).
"We are about making sure the biomedical community has a broad assortment of mutant alleles," said the lab director, Dr. Richard Woychik, referring to the variant forms of a gene.
The study suggests that positive Darwinian natural selection -- in which some forms of a gene are favored because they increase the probability of survival or reproduction -- is responsible for the increased rate of evolution.
This leads to a possible explanation for why sex is useful: having two sets of genes – one from each parent – allows for the possibility of inheriting new, beneficial forms of a gene, while protecting the offspring from dysfunctional genes, because if one copy of a gene is damaged, the other copy can kick in and mask the damaging effect.
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Each coloured one represents alleles (a variant form of a gene).
(An allele is an alternate form of a gene).
Biologists have uncovered a deep link between life span and cancer in the form of a gene that switches off stem cells as a person ages.
Roche's vemurafenib attacks advanced melanoma by blocking the mutated form of a gene, B-RAF.
Most East Asians also have a special form of a gene known as ABCC11, which makes the cells of the ear produce dry earwax.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com